Bracell views biodiversity as a strategic material topic and integrates this topic into policies, commitments, and programs focused on forest preservation, deforestation prevention, and recovery disturbed land. Within our long-term roadmap, Bracell 2030, we have outlined specific targets (learn more on page GRI 2-22 Statement on sustainable development strategy).

These initiatives aim to enhance the positive impacts of our operations while mitigating or minimizing any potential negative effects. Bracell maintains an up-to-date matrix of social and environmental aspects and impacts, actively identifies risks before operations begin, monitors impacts regularly to track progress and determine the need for strategic actions, and evaluates products in terms of safety, health, and the environment.

Our efforts to halt and reverse biodiversity loss include ecological restoration programs, such as planting native species in protected areas that are crucial for protecting water resources and natural habitats. We also establish and manage wildlife corridors, connecting islanded ecosystems and helping preserve both fauna and flora.

Biodiversity monitoring is conducted periodically to identify the species present in the areas where we operate. The data gathered informs assessments to improve processes and management practices in order to reduce Bracell’s environmental impacts and support biodiversity conservation.

Bracell ensure strict compliance with environmental regulations, implements preventive measures against wildfires, and carries out ongoing assessments of social and environmental aspects and impacts across all operational areas. We also identify and assess potential impacts before starting activities, continuously monitor impacts from operations, and evaluate the environmental and social risks of our products.

Practices as part of our approach to managing risks and preventing potential impacts on biodiversity

Our policies apply not only to internal operations but also to our business relationships, including direct suppliers. They are also aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals and the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. Key practices include:

• Regular monitoring of fauna (annually in Bahia and every three years in São Paulo) and flora (every two years in Bahia and every five years in São Paulo), to detect any changes caused by forest management
• Establishing eucalyptus plantations only in areas previously used for agriculture or pasture, without converting native forests, in line with company policy (see GRI 3-3 Management of material topics: Biodiversity and ecosystems)
• Monitoring for potential impacts in adjacent areas such as protected areas and legal reserves, using satellite imagery, drones, and field inspections
• Not introducing invasive species, pests, and pathogens, and not introducing changes in ecological processes outside the natural range of variation
• Analyzing water quality in representative management units to monitor for any changes in physical and chemical properties and to determine whether these occurred as a result of forestry operations, aiming to prevent, minimize, and mitigate negative impacts on water bodies (see GRI 3-3 Management of material topics: Biodiversity and ecosystems)
• Handling and labeling chemicals in accordance with applicable regulations, regulatory standards, and certification standards
• Identifying activities deemed to have the greatest potential impact on biodiversity, such as forest establishment, harvesting, and transportation, as identified in our Matrix of Environmental Aspects and Impacts (AIA)
• Eradicating exotic plant species to reduce negative impacts on the natural ecological succession of native vegetation on company properties
• Implementing our Degraded Area Recovery Program, using techniques such as nucleation and organic matter deposition to restore native vegetation

Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

Bracell is committed to sustainability in all our operations and we continuously invest in research and development and deploying advanced technology without harming the environment.

Aligned with this commitment, we use biological control as part of our Integrated Pest and Disease Management (IPDM) program. Chemical pesticides are used only as a last resort and applied in minimal amounts, restricted to the specific area of need, by a specialized team. All products, dosages, and recommendations are listed in Bracell’s forestry technical manual.

Bracell also participates in cooperative projects in pest and disease control with leading institutions, such as the university Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) and major research institutes, such as Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa) and Instituto de Pesquisas e Estudos Florestais (IPEF). These initiatives further reinforce our commitment to sustainable eucalyptus management practices (read more about our chemical product management practices in GRI 3-3 Management of the material topic: Water and effluents).

Bracell uses a structured approach to minimizing impacts on biodiversity, implementing preventive measures across our operations to avoid environmental damage. This includes sustainable technology, environmental impact assessments, and creating protected areas to preserve local ecosystems. When impacts are unavoidable, we implement offsets, such as restoring disturbed land.

Ecosystem restoration programs include planting native species, rehabilitating disturbed areas, and engaging local communities in seed collection, seedling production, and reforestation efforts. The goal is to restore native vegetation in the short term and support the long-term regeneration of wildlife and ecosystem processes.

Currently, Bracell has 393 hectares under restoration in São Paulo and we maintain a continuous restoration program in Bahia covering 8,500 hectares. We are also a member of the Atlantic Forest Restoration Pact and have restored 30 hectares in collaboration with SOS Mata Atlântica.

Our conservation initiatives go beyond regulatory requirements. In Bahia, we maintain four Private Natural Heritage Reserves (RPPNs) that are critical to biodiversity conservation in the state’s northern coastal region, and we manage four wildlife release areas certified by the state environmental regulator, INEMA, where animals rehabilitated by the national environmental regulator’s (IABAMA) Wildlife Screening Center (CETAS-BA) are reintroduced into the wild.

Environmental impacts are monitored as part of long-term protection and monitoring programs to ensure no significant impacts on biodiversity. Collected data is shared with universities to support scientific research and validation.

In 2024, we certified our fourth release area in Bahia—the first in the Caatinga biome.

Learn more about our initiatives to halt and reverse biodiversity loss under GRI 101-1 Policies to halt and reverse biodiversity loss.

At Bracell, we continuously assess the impacts of our operations on biodiversity, including both mitigated and potential impact (see more under GRI 3-3 Management of material topics: Biodiversity and ecosystems). This process includes assessing the environmental performance of products and services provided by suppliers, ensuring a comprehensive and integrated environmental management system.

We monitor species dynamics through environmental studies and use an environmental aspect and impact matrix to assess risks and opportunities. If an impact is detected, Bracell promptly addresses or remediates it in collaboration with stakeholders, as part of our commitment to environmental conservation and operational sustainability.

Biodiversity risk assessments are conducted in our forestry operations, identifying potential impacts and recommending mitigation or remediation actions.

All pulpwood sourcing undergoes due diligence to identify environmental and social risks and avoid purchasing pulpwood from controversial sources. Document and field inspections are conducted to verify sustainable practices such as oil spill containment, proper waste disposal, non-use of burning for clearing, and compliance with protected area and legal reserve requirements.

If noncompliance is detected, a corrective action plan is implemented, and if the issue persists, pulpwood sourcing is suspended until resolved. Suppliers also sign contracts committing to meet all environmental and legal requirements (see more under GRI 308-1 New suppliers that were screened using environmental criteria).

Pulpwood traceability throughout the pulp production chain is ensured by a Forest Management System (SGF) as part of our e-Forest project, which tracks all farms and forestry operations, including cultivation, harvesting and pulpwood haulage. Through the system, 100% of the pulpwood using our production process is traceable at the field level. All controlled pulpwood is also assessed on land-use conversion timing, following Brazil’s Forest Code (Law No. 12.651/2012), which sets July 2008 as the threshold date.

In 2024, 30% of the pulpwood used in São Paulo came from controlled sources and 70% from Bracell’s certified operations. In Bahia, 10% came from controlled sources and 90% from certified sources. A total of 73 commercial partners supplied controlled pulpwood to Bracell’s mills in São Paulo and Bahia, all audited by our team. Bracell maintains a strict policy of not sourcing pulpwood from controversial suppliers, as part of our commitment to sustainability and biodiversity conservation.

Learn more under GRI 2-6 About Bracell.

We identify and monitor High Conservation Value (HCV) areas through assessments on biological, ecological, social or cultural attributes. As forestry activities expand, we are reviewing potential HCVAs using criteria and assumptions developed by Proforest, a nonprofit that helps companies, governments and other organizations uphold their commitments to the responsible production and sourcing of agricultural commodities and forest products.

HCVAs in the state of São Paulo

• Fazenda Nova América, in Cabrália Paulista (117.74 hectares – HCVA 1): an area with a high concentration of biodiversity, including endemic, rare, and endangered species such as the Brazilian sassafras tree (Ocotea odorifera) and the hoary fox (Lycalopex vetulus).
• Fazenda Rio Verde, in Bauru (190.40 hectares – HCVA 2): home to the largest fragment of Cerradão forest within a 2 km radius, this ecosystem plays a vital role in maintaining regional biological diversity.

HCVAs in the state of Bahia

• Fazenda Santo André, in Aramari (229.83 hectares – HCVAs 1 and 3): located in a Cerrado enclave between the Caatinga and Atlantic Forest biomes, this site is used to extract non-timber forest products and has high biodiversity value despite being outside any official conservation site. It harbors species like angelim-rasteiro (Andira humilis), black-throated saltator (Saltatricula atricollis), and wild cats such as the eastern tigrina (Leopardus emiliae), jaguarundi (Herpailurus yagouaroundi), and ocelot (Leopardus pardalis). Despite its ecological importance, this area is not included in any official environmental protection list.
• Fazenda Jaboticaba,  in Jandaíra (197.05 hectares – HCVAs 1 and 3): Atlantic Forest reserve containing ecosystems such as dense rainforests, restinga and muçununga. Species documented include Turk’s cap cactus (Melocactus violaceus), white-winged cotinga (Xipholena atropurpurea), and Coimbra-Filho’s titi monkey (Callicebus coimbrai).
• Fazenda Raiz, in Água Fria (675.77 hectares – HCVAs 1 and 3): located in the agreste region of Bahia, this site protects key Caatinga species, including the only known population of the endemic eastern tigrina (Leopardus emiliae).
• RPPN Lontra, in Itanagra and Entre Rios (1,378.16 hectares – HCVAs 1, 2, and 3): this is the largest private reserve in the northern coast of Bahia, with high biodiversity value and significant herpetological and ornithological diversity. Monitored species include the bearded capuchin (Sapajus libidinosus), Rio rocket frog (Allobates olfersioides), and Fringe-backed fire-eye (Pyriglena atra). Although outside official protection zones, this extractive-use area is covered by Brazil’s National Action Plans (PANs) for Endangered Species (the maned sloth PAN and the Bristle-spined rat PAN), underscoring its conservation importance.

Bracell conducts operations adjacent to these Private Natural Heritage Reserves (RPPNs) in Bahia. RPPN Pedra do São José II, for example, is located near a eucalyptus plantation.

Bracell follows strict environmental protocols to minimize impact and preserve the ecological attributes of these high-value regions. Our management practices include continuous monitoring of fauna and flora, safeguarding ecosystem integrity, and maintaining essential environmental services.

RPPN Lontra

RPPN Lontra is the largest private environmental reserve on Bahia’s northern coast, spanning 1,378.16 hectares. It is an ombrophilous forest remnant hosting rich biodiversity, and the most diverse herpetological and ornithological area monitored by Bracell in Bahia. This area is included in Brazil’s National Plan for Endangered Species, underscoring its critical role in biodiversity conservation.

In 2024, Bracell built an accessible ecological trail within the reserve for scheduled community visits.

We recognize that our operations and related infrastructure have both direct and indirect impacts on biodiversity. These impacts are temporary and reversible. We actively identify biodiversity risks, including those with uncertain effects, such as biodiversity loss and atmospheric changes.

We manage these impacts as part of our Integrated Management System. All impacts are documented in our Environmental Aspects and Impacts Matrix (AIA). 

Whenever an impact is identified, we act immediately to remediate or mitigate it in cooperation with stakeholders, as part of our commitment to environmental conservation and sustainable operations. In addition to preventive and mitigation measures, we also run training and stakeholder engagement programs focused on prevention.

We have committed to zero deforestation in our operations since inception (see our Sustainability Policy). Our forestry operations are established exclusively in previously disturbed land—typically degraded or low-yield pastures, or land formerly used for other agricultural activities. Bracell has no operations in protected areas, legal reserves or peatlands.

The construction and operation of infrastructure—such as industrial, transportation, and forestry operations—can lead to environmental impacts of varying degrees of significance.

Impacts	Direct/Indirect	Details
Habitat loss	Direct	Caused by operations and mechanized activities, worker commuting, road construction and maintenance, reopening of roads over water bodies, harvesting, transport of machinery and timber, soil preparation, and forestry operations. Noise from these activities can drive away wildlife (significance level: medium).
Erosion and silting in nearby water bodies	Direct	Resulting from soil shear caused by mechanized operations and supporting activities, which may contribute to soil erosion (significance level: low).
Wildlife roadkill	Direct	Caused by the movement of vehicles and machinery on service roads, potentially leading to biodiversity loss (significance level: low).
Climate change	Direct	Due to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from operations such as pulpwood haulage, harvesting, refueling, and aerial pesticide application (significance level: medium to high).

 

Pollution is one of the main environmental challenges of operations, affecting water, air, soil, and wildlife.

Impacts	Direct/Indirect	Details
Water pollution	Direct	Caused by the use of pesticides and fertilizers in nurseries, which may generate effluents and affect water quality (significance level: low).
Air pollution	Direct	Generated by dust from pulpwood haulage and mechanized operations, affecting air quality (significance level: medium).
Soil pollution	Direct	Caused by waste from maintenance work, washing of field machinery containing chemical residues, and improper waste disposal (significance level: low).
Plastic pollution	Direct	Arising from the generation and improper disposal of waste from operational and administrative activities (significance level: low).
Noise pollution	Direct	Noise generated by operations and transport can drive away wildlife (significance level: medium).
Chemical pollution	Direct	Use of pesticides and insecticides can cause ground and airborne drift, affecting plants, fauna, and soil biology (significance level: medium).

 

Species reduction

Impacts	Direct/Indirect	Details
Loss of biodiversity	Direct	All activities mapped in our Environmental Impact Assessment Matrix (AIA) can affect biodiversity, with the extent ranging from localized to site-specific. The likelihood level ranges from low to high, and the significance level from low to medium. All impacts are addressed with mitigation and awareness measures.

Bracell has been running a forest restoration program in São Paulo since 2021, which was updated in 2023 to accelerate and expand ecological recovery. In partnership with third parties, we protect and restore habitats based on environmental analyses and recommended restoration methods.

All activities follow regulations such as IBAMA’s Normative Instruction No. 04 and the São Paulo State environmental regulator’s (CETESB) SMA Resolution. The methods include inducing natural regeneration, clearing, ring weeding, herbicide application, and enrichment planting with native seedlings.

Since 2015, Bracell also runs a Disturbed Land Restoration Program in Bahia, approved by state environmental regulator, INEMA, using planting, soil improvement, and erosion control techniques. The Bahia program includes site assessments, implementation, and monitoring over three years.

In 2024, 1.821 hectares in Bahia underwent active restoration, and 450 hectares were treated for invasive exotic species. In São Paulo, 393 hectares are currently undergoing restoration. Through a partnership with SOS Mata Atlântica,  77,000 seedlings were planted in Botucatu, Agudos, and Piratininga (SP), helping restore riparian forests and protect water resources.

Of the 393 hectares being restored in São Paulo, 0.7 hectares have already been restored and officially certified by CETESB. Additionally, 30 hectares restored by SOS Mata Atlântica have met legal criteria and are considered restored, though formal certification from the environmental authority is expected in 2025.

All restoration areas—whether required by law or part of voluntary programs—are monitored pursuant to SMA Resolution 32 to ensure all environmental criteria are met.

Monitoring is done via satellite imagery and drones to identify threats and gaps in planting. Bracell’s Biodiversity Monitoring Program tracks fauna and flora across the Atlantic Forest, Cerrado, and Caatinga biomes to support responsible forest management practices.

Areas protected or restored

Areas protected and restored in Bahia

Area	Status	Region	Size (km2)	Status
RPPN Lontra	Protected	Bahia	13.77	Under long-term monitoring
Falcão	Protected	Bahia	94.24	Under long-term monitoring
Lua Alta	Protected	Bahia	60.94	Under long-term monitoring
Pedra do São José II	Protected	Bahia	23.22	Under long-term monitoring
Total – Bahia			192.17

    

Areas protected and restored in São Paulo

Area	Status	Region	Size (km2)	Status
Casa da Rocha	Restored	São Paulo	0.24	In progress
Nova América II	Restored	São Paulo	0.001	In progress
Recreio	Restored	São Paulo	0.31	In progress
Santa Izabel	Restored	São Paulo	0.02	In progress
São Benedito IV	Restored	São Paulo	0.24	In progress
Sossego II	Restored	São Paulo	0.52	In progress
Paraíso VII	Restored	São Paulo	0.16	In progress
Santa Mariana II	Restored	São Paulo	0.0001	In progress
Nova América II	Restored	São Paulo	0.29	In progress
Córrego do Campo	Restored	São Paulo	0.23	In progress
Monte Líbano I	Restored	São Paulo	1.09	Under long-term monitoring
Monte Líbano II	Restored	São Paulo	0.35	Under long-term monitoring
Santa Izabel	Restored	São Paulo	0.01	Under long-term monitoring
Dona Lourdes	Restored	São Paulo	0.01	Under long-term monitoring
Mamedina	Restored	São Paulo	0.03	Under long-term monitoring
São Luiz V Vera Cruz	Restored	São Paulo	0.24	Under long-term monitoring
Arataba	Restored	São Paulo	0.05	Under long-term monitoring
Regina	Restored	São Paulo	0.03	Under long-term monitoring
São Benedito IV	Restored	São Paulo	0.02	Under long-term monitoring
Selva	Restored	São Paulo	0.04	Under long-term monitoring
Corvo Branco	Restored	São Paulo	0.004	Under long-term monitoring
Revolta	Restored	São Paulo	0.04	Under long-term monitoring
Santa Branca	Restored	São Paulo	0.01	Under long-term monitoring
Total – São Paulo			3.8851

Partner-protected or restored areas

Partner-protected or restored areas

Department	Partner organization	Status	Region	Size (km2)	Status
Riacho Mole Project	SOS Mata Atlântica	Restored	Bahia	0.3	In progress
Riacho Mole Project	SOS Mata Atlântica	Restored	Bahia	0.2	In progress
Santa Rita II, Santa Cruz and Nova América II	SOS Mata Atlântica	Restored	São Paulo	30.8	In progress
Shangrilá	Bracell and Jardim Botânico	Restored	São Paulo	4.5	In progress

Fire prevention and response

In protected areas, wildfires represent one of the main risks to biodiversity and the integrity of protected ecosystems. To mitigate this risk, we create and maintain fire breaks, donate firefighting equipment to local communities, install warning signs and organize fire response workshops for neighbors and members of local communities.

Bracell’s Fire Prevention and Response department has been created with a mission to preserve the environment, the well-being of people and the planet, and the sustainability and competitiveness of the business. Bracell has 39 fire monitoring towers equipped with high-resolution cameras covering 76% of our properties in São Paulo and 70% in Bahia, including both planted forests and protected areas.

Fire responders are divided into two groups: a Rapid Response Group (RRG) and an Identification and Containment Group (ICG). At the beginning of the dry season each year, we publish maps showing water withdrawal locations that are accessible to light and heavy fire trucks. Water withdrawal locations are strategically located to optimize refilling time and the fire response. During the dry season, internal and external fire breaks are kept especially clean, particularly those surrounding critical areas.

We have also signed a technical cooperation agreement with the Bahia State Environment Department (SEMA) and the State Water Resource Institute (INEMA) to plan and implement forest fire prevention and reduction initiatives.

Species identified during biodiversity monitoring are classified based on official protection lists, local laws and regulations, and scientific literature on degrees of threat, rareness, endemicity, economic importance, species migration, and other parameters.

The degree of threat is determined based on international as well as national and state conservation lists. The conservation lists used include:

• IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Red List;
• MMA Ordinance No. 148/2022
• National List of Endangered Wildlife Species (MMA Ordinance No. 444/2014);
• Official National List of Endangered Flora Species (MMA Ordinance No. 443/2014)
• List of Threatened Brazilian Flora Species (MMA Ordinance No. 298/2019)
• National List of Invasive Alien Species (MMA Ordinance No. 2.546/2020)

IUCN Red List species and national conservation list species with habitats in areas affected by operations

Region	Level of extinction risk	2022		2023		2024
		IUCN	ICMBio	IUCN	ICMBio	IUCN	ICMBio
São Paulo	Critically endangered	0	0	0	0	0	0
São Paulo	Endangered	9	5	0	5	10	5
São Paulo	Vulnerable	8	8	9	8	9	8
São Paulo	Near threatened	12	0	12	0	12	0
São Paulo	Least concern	0	0	625	0	643	0
Bahia	Critically endangered	7	0	1	2	1	2
Bahia	Endangered	7	5	6	10	5	9
Bahia	Vulnerable	13	15	11	13	13	18
Bahia	Near threatened	7	2	7	2	7	11
Bahia	Least concern *	252	250	252	250	1,306	1,080

* The number of species in this category increased due to a review of the database.

In 2024, the number of species reported under this disclosure rose by 117%. The 2023 reporting standard included only threatened species—those classified as critically endangered, endangered, or vulnerable—and excluded those classified as least concern and near threatened.

Bracell’s Greenhouse Gas Inventories follow guidance provided in the latest edition of ISO 14064, the GHG Protocol, and the quantification methodologies published by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

Inventories are conducted at the corporate level, covering our pulp mills in São Paulo and Bahia, as well as forestry operations in those two states and Mato Grosso do Sul.

In 2024, Bracell’s Scope 1 fossil emissions accounted for 43% of the total, amounting to 731,362.80 tCO_₂e—a 22.4% increase compared to the previous year. This increase was primarily driven by higher fossil fuel use in our logistics operations, especially due to longer transport distances between plantation areas and the mill, along with a significant rise in forest fire incidents.

The gases included in the Scope 1 emissions calculation are: CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, HFCs and _SF6.

Scope 1 Categories	2022		2023		2024
	Emissions (tCO2e)	Percent Share (%)	Emissions (tCO2e)	Percent Share (%)	Emissions (tCO2e)	Percent Share (%)
Mobile combustion	96,418.860	15.7%	121,700.475	20.4%	214,992.18	29.4%
Stationary combustion	356,481.661	58.0%	309,539.105	51.8%	296,113.67	40.5%
Generated waste and effluents	46,321.353	7.5%	596.112	0.1%	13,974.3	1.9%
Fugitive	3,139.397	0.5%	5,231.529	0.9%	12,284.43	1.7%
Agricultural operations	111,079.267	18.1%	155,955.175	26.1%	154,586.98	21.1%
Land-use change	1,232.098	0.2%	4,431.985	0.7%	39,411.23	5.4%
Total	614,672.636	100%	597,454.381	100%	731,362.80	100%

Bracell reports biogenic CO_₂e emissions associated with forestry and mill operations. These include biomass combustion, the use of renewable biofuels in the logistics fleet, fire events, and the natural dynamics of eucalyptus forest management cycles. Unlike fossil-based emissions, biogenic emissions are generally considered carbon neutral over the long term, since they come from renewable biomass that absorbs CO_₂ from the atmosphere during its growth.

Emissions (tCO2e)	2022	2023	2024
Scope 1	614,673.00	597,454.00	731,362.80
Scope 1 – Biogenic	10,415,840.85	10,810,512.98	9,156,105.51

Carbon balance

In 2024, Bracell generated 1,716,315.84 tCO_₂e in anthropogenic emissions from fossil fuel combustion (across Scopes 1, 2, and 3) and 2,227,222.45 tCO_₂e in biogenic LULUCF emissions, and removed 4,119,009.65 tCO_₂e through its planted and native forests. As a result, the net emissions balance was -175,471.36 tCO_₂e, indicating a positive impact on climate.

In 2024 we achieved significant reductions in stationary combustion, including as a decrease in natural gas consumption and increased use of biomass in our gasifiers.

Carbon Balance (tCO₂e)

Emissions	2022	2023	2024
Total (S1 + S2 + S3)	1,555,114.00	1,701,669.00	1,716,315.84
Scope 1	614,673.00	597,454.00	731,362.80
Scope 2	5,258.00	9,611.00	13,213.63
Scope 3	935,183.00	1,094,603.00	971,739.41
Biogenic LULUCF emissions	3,793,831.00	3,940,391.00	2,227,222.45
Biogenic removals	-1,309,842.00	-1,286,441.00	-4,119,009.65
Balance	4,039,103.00	4,355,619.00	-175,471.36

Bracell’s Greenhouse Gas Inventories follow guidance provided in the latest edition of ISO 14064, the GHG Protocol, and the quantification methodologies published by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

Inventories are conducted at the corporate level, covering our pulp mills in São Paulo and Bahia, as well as forestry operations in those two states and Mato Grosso do Sul.

In 2024, Scope 2 accounted for 1% of our total emissions. There was a 37.5% increase in electricity purchased from the national grid. This increase is due to factors such as the expansion of the MS Florestal offices, higher energy use at our port terminal, and operational variations such as turbine shutdowns at the São Paulo and Bahia sites. In our Bahia operation, the strategic decision to prioritize imported electricity over natural gas, combined with periods of lower efficiency in the evaporation area that limited liquor use for power generation, contributed to this increase.

 

Scope 2 Category	2022	2023	2024
	Emissions (tCO2e)	Emissions (tCO2e)	Emissions (tCO2e)
Purchased electricity	5,258.00	9,611.00	13,213.63
Total	5,258.00	9,611.00	13,213.63

In 2024, Bracell generated 1,716,315.84 tCO₂e in anthropogenic emissions from fossil fuel combustion (across Scopes 1, 2, and 3) and 2,227,222.45 tCO₂e in biogenic LULUCF emissions, and removed -4,119,009.65 tCO₂e through our planted and native forests. As a result, the net emissions balance was -175,471.36 tCO₂e, indicating a positive impact on climate.

Carbon Balance (tCO₂e)

Emissions	2022	2023	2024
Total (S1 + S2 + S3)	1,555,114.00	1,701,669.00	1,716,315.84
Scope 1	614,673.00	597,454.00	731,362.80
Scope 2	5,258.00	9,611.00	13,213.63
Scope 3	935,183.00	1,094,603.00	971,739.41
Biogenic LULUCF emissions	3,793,831.00	3,940,391.00	2,227,222.45
Biogenic removals	-1,309,842.00	-1,286,441.00	-4,119,009.65
Balance	4,039,103.00	4,355,619.00	-175,471.36

 

CARBON BALANCE (%)

Emission	2022	2023	2024
Total (S1 + S2 + S3)	100%	100%	100%
Scope 1	40%	35%	43%
Scope 2	0.34%	1%	1%
Scope 3	60.1%	64%	56%

Bracell’s Greenhouse Gas Inventories follow guidance provided in the latest edition of ISO 14064, the GHG Protocol, and the quantification methodologies published by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

Inventories are conducted at the corporate level, covering our mills in São Paulo and Bahia, as well as forestry operations in those two states and Mato Grosso do Sul.

In 2024, Scope 3 accounted for 57% of our total emissions. There was an 11.2% reduction in emissions, mainly due to shorter average distances traveled per shipment in export operations.

During the reporting period, Bracell offset 10,936.50 tCO₂e in emissions generated by ocean freight to Europe through the purchase of emission allowances required under the EU ETS (European Union Emissions Trading System)—the European Union’s carbon pricing mechanism aimed at reducing GHG emissions by limiting and trading emission allowances, or European Union Allowances (EUAs). In 2024, maritime transport was added to the scope of the system. As a result, vessels accessing European ports are required to acquire allowances proportional to the CO₂ emissions generated throughout their routes, starting from their departure in Brazil.

Participation in the EU ETS marks a significant step forward in Bracell’s climate management practices across our logistics chain. In addition to ensuring compliance with European environmental regulations, this initiative will support carbon pricing compliance in other international logistics operations. Indirectly, the funds generated through the purchase of emission allowances are allocated by the European Union to initiatives in innovation, clean energy, and climate adaptation, supporting the region’s energy transition.

Scope 3 Category	2022		2023		2024
	Emissions (tCO2e)	Percent Share (%)	Emissions (tCO2e)	Percent Share (%)	Emissions (tCO2e)	Percent Share (%)
Purchased Goods and Services	114,281.440	12.2%	63,152.273	5.77%	47,464.05	4.88%
Upstream T&D	24,542.906	2.6%	62,808.497	5.74%	61,756.05	6.36%
Operational Solid Waste	828.425	0.1%	41,579.743	3.80%	26,523.86	2.73%
Business travel	541.395	0.1%	547.172	0.05%	364.99	0.04%
Employee Commuting	5,103.384	0.5%	12,744.223	1.16%	9,603.34	0.99%
Downstream T&D	789,995.711	84.5%	913,771.498	83.48%	826,027.12	85.01%
Total	935,183.261	100%	1,094,603.40	0.00	971,739.41	38,640.32

 

Emissions (tCO2e)	2022	2023	2024
Scope 3	935,183.00	1,094,603.00	971,739.41
Scope 3 – Biogenic	16,393.519	22,573.929	36,070.56

Carbon balance

In 2024, Bracell generated 1,716,315.84 tCO₂e in anthropogenic emissions from fossil fuel combustion (across Scopes 1, 2, and 3) and 2,227,222.45 tCO₂e in biogenic LULUCF emissions, and removed -4,119,009.65 tCO₂e through its planted and native forests. As a result, the net emissions balance was -175,471.36 tCO₂e, indicating a positive impact on climate.

Carbon Balance (tCO₂e)

Emissions	2022	2023	2024
Total (S1 + S2 + S3)	1,555,114.00	1,701,669.00	1,716,315.84
Scope 1	614,673.00	597,454.00	731,362.80
Scope 2	5,258.00	9,611.00	13,213.63
Scope 3	935,183.00	1,094,603.00	971,739.41
Biogenic LULUCF emissions	3,793,831.00	3,940,391.00	2,227,222.45
Biogenic removals	-1,309,842.00	-1,286,441.00	-4,119,009.65
Balance	4,039,103.00	4,355,619.00	–175,471.36

Bracell’s Greenhouse Gas Inventories follow guidance provided in the latest edition of ISO 14064, the GHG Protocol, and the quantification methodologies published by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

Inventories are conducted at the corporate level, covering our pulp mills in São Paulo and Bahia, as well as forestry operations in those two states and Mato Grosso do Sul.

In 2024, our Scope 1 and 2 GHG emissions intensity increased by approximately 19% compared to 2023. The increase was primarily driven by greater use of fossil fuels in our logistics operations and a significant rise in forest fires. It was also influenced by increased electricity purchases from the national grid to accommodate the expansion of our operations.

Emissions (tCO2e)	2022	2023	2024
Scopes 1 and 2	0.167	0.174	0.208

Note: Bracell’s emissions intensity metric covers scopes 1 and 2 emissions from our São Paulo, Bahia and Mato Grosso do Sul operations, as it refers to emissions from the pulp production process.

In 2024, there were no overall reductions. However, during the year, we achieved reductions in stationary combustion, such as decreased natural gas consumption and increased use of biomass in gasifiers, as well as reductions in Scope 3 emissions, mainly due to shorter average distances traveled per shipment in export operations.

Operating site	Total emissions 2023 (tCO2e)	Total emissions 2024 (tCO2e)	Reduction in emissions
Bracell SP	1,204,383.06	1,235,985.47	31,602.41
Bracell BA	367,239.46	357,234.41	-10,005.05
MS Florestal	–	123,095.97	123,095.97
Total	1,701,669.08	1,716,315.84	14,646.76

Nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), particulate matter (PM), and total reduced sulfur (TRS) compounds are among the most critical air pollutants due to their direct and indirect impacts on climate and human health. These pollutants are mainly produced by fossil fuel combustion and industrial processes.

Nitrogen oxides (NO_x), sulfur oxides (SO_x), and other significant air emissions

Substance	Site	Bahia Pulp			São Paulo Pulp			Bracell
		20221	2023	2024	20221	2023	2024	20221	2023	2024
NOx	t	NA	451.93	448.42	NA	2,847.74	3,131.48	NA	3299.64	3,579.90
SOx	t	NA	30.47	39.65	NA	139.89	59.05	NA	170.36	98.70
PM	t	NA	197.30	199.99	NA	643.26	473.22	NA	840.56	673.21
TRS	t	NA	2.70	12.57	59.14	43.04	30.93	59.14	45.74	43.5

1. The data include disclosures as part of the EU Ecolabel and Nordic Swan schemes for kraft pulp. 
2. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are not measured in air emissions reporting.

These substances impact the environment and human health by contributing to acid rain—which damages ecosystems and infrastructure—and causing respiratory issues. This underscores the need to control and reduce their emissions to mitigate their effects.

In the state of São Paulo, Bracell’s air emissions were calculated using emission factors provided by the state environmental regulator, CETESB. The methodology followed Board Decision No. 10/2010/P dated January 12, 2010. Emission calculations were performed through direct measurement, using continuous analyzers installed on the production line. All reported values are expressed in metric tons per year.

In Bahia, the methodology followed the guidelines of Ordinance No. 18.841 (dated August 3, 2019) on maintaining air emissions monitoring plans to ensure compliance with daily average limits for TRS, PM, SOx, and NOx. The provisions of CONAMA Resolution No. 382 (dated December 26, 2006) were also followed.

As in São Paulo, emissions in Bahia were calculated through direct measurement, using continuous analyzers installed on the production line. The goal is to ensure full compliance with Ordinance No. 18.841 and other regulatory standards through proper emissions monitoring, and to achieve zero deviations from the regulated parameters.